Numerous legends provide a rich and extensive account about Ganoderma lucidum. It was said that in the early days in China, Ganoderma is very rare and hard to obtain. People during the time of the emperors considered it as a treasure greater than any jewel because they believe it provides an incredible source of energy and youthfulness. Furthermore, it was also mentioned that
1. It is the favourite food supplement of the Chinese Royal Family
2. Taoist revered it as "Elixir of Immortality,"
3. The Emperors of the Great Chinese dynasties, including Japanese royalties, drank tea and concoctions of mushrooms for vitality and long life.
4. In the first Chinese Herbal Text (Shennong Pharmacopeia) written about 2,400 years ago, Reishi is classified as a “superior herb,” which was defined as one that “promotes radiant health and long life because of its normalizing action, and (it is also believed) to cause no side effects even when use(d) continuously.” Reishi is traditionally called as “the mushroom of immortality.”
5. The late Hiroshi Hikino, recognized as the world’s authority on the chemistry of Oriental medicinal plants, called Reishi as one of “the most important elixir(s) in the orient.”
6. It also increases intellectual capacity and banishes forgetfulness.
7. Presently in Asia, it ranks parallel to Ginseng in terms of potency.
The Magic Effects of Ganoderma
Ganoderma has always been shrouded with a mysterious curtain for more than a thousand years. People only know 'Ganoderma can keep one young than give one a long life if taken continously, but no one had ever scientifically investigated why it is so effective.
Under the attentive research done by both Chinese and foreign scholars in recent years, and the cooperative analysis and clinical experiments done by hospitals, colleges, and pharmaceutical manufacturers, its extensive efficacy has finally discovered. It is a hemocatharsis, detoxicant, diuretic, liver protector, intestine regulator, cardiotonic, blood pressure adjustor, a cold tonic, antitussive and expectorant, a tranquilizer, an anti-tumor drug.
Under the attentive research done by both Chinese and foreign scholars in recent years, and the cooperative analysis and clinical experiments done by hospitals, colleges, and pharmaceutical manufacturers, its extensive efficacy has finally discovered. It is a hemocatharsis, detoxicant, diuretic, liver protector, intestine regulator, cardiotonic, blood pressure adjustor, a cold tonic, antitussive and expectorant, a tranquilizer, an anti-tumor drug.
Important Components of Ganoderma
1. Organic Germanium (Ge): This can increase the oxygen absorbed by the blood up to 1.5 times, can promote metabolism, and prevent tissue degeneration. According to the research of Dr. Kazuhiko Asai, Ganoderma contains 800-2000 p.p.m. of germanium. This is 4-6 more than ginseng.
2. Polysaccharides: These can improve the body's immune system, and eliminate viruses. Japanese pharmaceutical companies have refined it to medical quality and it has been approved by Koseisho Health Department in Japan for insurance medicine.
3. Its bitter taste. It is under constant study by the Japanese medical and pharmaceutical fields. The efficacy is a result of the interrelation of germanium and polysaccharides. Some plants may contain one or the other, but Ganoderma is much more effective. The combination of components is different from other plants and all of the components must be preserved to insure efficiency.
2. Polysaccharides: These can improve the body's immune system, and eliminate viruses. Japanese pharmaceutical companies have refined it to medical quality and it has been approved by Koseisho Health Department in Japan for insurance medicine.
3. Its bitter taste. It is under constant study by the Japanese medical and pharmaceutical fields. The efficacy is a result of the interrelation of germanium and polysaccharides. Some plants may contain one or the other, but Ganoderma is much more effective. The combination of components is different from other plants and all of the components must be preserved to insure efficiency.
Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds
Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.
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Ganoderma lucidum spore extract inhibits endothelial and breast cancer cells in vitro.
This study was conducted to investigate the anti-proliferative activities of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi or Mannentake). We have identified an alcohol extract from the spore of Ganoderma lucidum that inhibits the in vitro proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Further fractionation of the alcohol extract revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner from 2 to 40 micro g/ml. Our results suggest that the alcohol extract from the spore of Ganoderma lucidum may possess potential anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities.
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Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in cancer treatment
The popular edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. The dried powder of Ganoderma lucidum was popular as a cancer chemotherapy agent in ancient China. The authors recently demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits constitutively active transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and AP-1, which resulted in the inhibition of expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR. Ganoderma lucidum also suppressed cell adhesion and cell migration of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells, suggesting its potency to reduce tumor invasiveness. Thus, Ganoderma lucidum clearly demonstrates anticancer activity in experiments with cancer cells and has possible therapeutic potential as a dietary supplement for an alternative therapy for breast and prostate cancer. However, because of the availability of Ganoderma lucidum from different sources, it is advisable to test its biologic activity.
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